Journal Articles

Look here for the full text of many articles about a variety of equity concerns. Categories of readings include gender, race, and socioeconomic status.

The materials in this section represent a selection from the Equity Resource Guide, a two-volume collection of equity-related articles and activities compiled by a task force from the Eisenhower Regional Consortia.

Click here to read an introduction to the original Equity Resource Guide.

Also available, the original introduction to the equity CD-ROM, "Making Schools Work for Every Child."

I. OVERVIEW OF EQUITY

II. DIMENSIONS/ISSUES

A. STRUCTURE OF SCHOOLING

1. Research and Rationale
2. Strategies and Programs

B. RESOURCE INEQUITIES

1. Research and Rationale

C. SCHOOL CULTURE

1. Research and Rationale
2. Strategies and Programs

D. CURRICULUM/ INSTRUCTION/ASSESSMENT

1. Research and Rationale
2. Strategies
3. Programs
4. Professional Development Materials

E. CULTURAL INFLUENCES ON SCHOOLS

1. Research and Rationale
2. Strategies

F. ACCOUNTABILITY EVALUATION

1. Research and Rationale
2. Strategies and Programs

III. SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

A. GENDER

1. Research and Rationale
2. Strategies and Programs

B. LANGUAGE GROUPS

1. Research and Rationale
2. Strategies and Programs

C. RACE AND ETHNICITY

1. Research and Rationale
2. Strategies and Programs

D. RURAL

1. Research and Rationale
2. Strategies and Programs

E. URBAN

1. Research and Rationale
2. Strategies and Programs

IV. SPECIAL NEEDS

1. Research and Rationale
2. Strategies and Programs

V. APPENDIX

A. STATE AND NATIONAL REFORM INITIATIVES

I. OVERVIEW OF EQUITY

• Century, Jean Rose. Why Do We Care? How Do We Make the Education System Better? Making Sense of the Literature on Equity in Education Draft One:...A Think Piece.... 1994: 57-9.

• Edwards, Thomas G. Current Reform Efforts in Mathematics Education ERIC/CSMEE. Oct. 1994: 1-2.

• Northwest Policy: A Newsletter of the Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. Resilient Children: 'Making It' in a Tough World Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. Sept. 1992: 1+.

• Schwartz, Wendy. Teaching Science and Mathematics to At Risk Students ERIC Digest. Sept. 1987.

• Sells, Lucy W. Mathematics: The Invisible Filter Engineering Education. Jan. 1980: 43-47.

• Century, Jeanne Rose. What Happens at the Local Level? Equity Where the Action Is Making Sense of the Literature on Equity in Education Draft One:...A Think Piece.... 1994: 43-47.

• Donmoyer, Robert. School Organization: An Underexamined Variable in Science Education Reform Cognosos. 2.4 Autumn 1993.

• Klapper, Michael H. Connecting Resources for Reform Cognosos. 2.4 Autumn 1993.

• National Science Teachers Association. Precollege Academics, College Environments Affect Choice of Undergraduate Majors in Science, Math, and Technology NSTA Reports! April 1993.

• Oakes, Jeannie. Keeping Track, Part 1: The Policy and Practice Of Curriculum Inequality Phi Delta Kappan. Sept. 1986.

• College Board. Steps in the Change Process Access and Equity in Mathematics and Science Education. 1993.

• Banks, Cherry A. McGee. Restructuring Schools for Equity: What We Have Learned in Two Decades Phi Delta Kappan. Sept. 1993: 42+.

• Century, Jeanne Rose. What are the Critical “Battlefronts” for Equity at the National and State Levels ? Making Sense of the Literature on Equity in Education Draft One: "...A Think Piece...." 1994: 29-33.

• Pendarvis, Edwina D, and Aimee Howley. Effects of Poverty, Sexism, and Racism on Intellect Out of Our Minds: Anti-lntellectualism and Talent Development in American Schooling. New York: Teachers College Press. 1995: 108-40.

• Nelson-Barber, Sharon, and Terry Meirer. Multicultural Context a Key Factor in Teaching Academic Connections. Spring 1990.

• Century, Jeanne Rose. Why Haven't Past Efforts Worked? The Difficulty of Recognizing and Taking Responsibility for the Ugliness of Inequity. Making Sense of the Literature on Equity in Education Draft One: "...A Think Piece...." 1994: 51-55.

• Hulme,Marilyn A., ed. Guidelines for Addressing Student Sexist or Racist Interactions. New Jersey Department of Education. Oct. 1995.

• Banks, James A. Multicultural Education: Development, Dimensions, and Challenges Phi Delta Kappan. Sept 1993: 22-28.

• Beane, DeAnna Banks. APPENDIX I: Student and Teacher Related Factors Influencing Minority Student Participation and Performance in Mathematics and Science: Summary and Implications Math and Science: Critical Filters for the Future of Minority Students. 1988: 1-9.

• Brescia, William, and Jim C. Fortune. Standardized Testing of American Indian Students. ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools. March 1988. ERIC Digest. ED296813.

• Century, Jeanne Rose. Multicultural Education. Making Sense of the Literature on Equity in Education Draft One: "...A Think Piece...." 1994: 47-50.

• Century,Jeanne Rose. Who Gets Taught, and How? Equity, Setting Standards, the Curriculum, and Pedagogy. Making Sense of the Literature on Equity in Education Draft One: "...A Think Piece...." 1994: 33-37.

• Estrin, Elise Trumbull. Alternative Assessment: Issues in Language, Culture, and Equity Knowledge Brief. 11. San Francisco: Far West Laboratory. 1993.

• Knapp, Michael S., and Patrick M Shields. Reconceiving Academic Instruction for the Children of Poverty Phi Delta Kappan. June 1990: 753-58.

• Lorsbach, Anthony, and Kenneth Tobin. Research Matters - to the Science Teacher NARST. Sept. 1992.

• New Standards Project. Equity is “Fundamental” to New Standards New Standards Project. 1994.

• Rothman, Robert. Assessment Questions, Equity Answers: Proceedings of the 1993 CRESST Conference. Evaluation Comment. UCLA's Center for the Study of Evaluation and CRESST. May 1994.

• Northwest EQUALS. Family Science Goals. Portland: Portland State University.

• Pogrow, Stanley. Challenging At-Risk Students: Findings from the HOTS Program Phi Delta Kappan. January 1990: .

• Gardner, April L., Cheryl L. Mason, and Marsha Lakes Matyas. Equity, Excellence & 'Just Plain Good Teaching' American Biology Teacher. Feb. 1989: 72-77.

• Hulme, Marylin A., comp. Guidelines for Evaluating Mathematics Books for Bias. 1995.

• Hulme, Marylin A., comp. Guidelines for Evaluating Science Books for Stereotyping. 1995.

• Style, Emily. Curriculum as Window and Mirror 1-4.

• D'Ambrosio, Ubiritan. Ethnomathematics and its Place in the History and Pedagogy of Mathematics Schools, Mathematics, and Work. Feb. 1985: 15-25.

• Dukepoo, Frank C. More Than Beads, Buckskins and Bolo Ties: The Role of Culture in Science Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. Presented at a Conference in Albuquerque, New Mexico on September 18, 1993.

• Fasheh, Munir. Mathematics, Culture, and Authority For the Learning of Mathematics. Nov. l982: 2-8.

• Kenschaft, Patricia Clark. Fifty-Five Cultural Reasons Why Too Few Women Win At Mathematics Winning Women into Mathematics. 1990: 11-15.

• Gerdes, Paulus. A Widespread Decorative Motif and the Pythagorean Theorem For the Learning of Mathematics. Feb. 1988: 35+.

• Harris, Mary. An Example of Traditional Women's Work as a Mathematics Resource For the Learning of Mathematics. Nov. 1987: 26-28.

• Knijnik, Gelsa. An Ethnomathematical Approach in Mathematical Education: a Matter of Political Power For the Learning of Mathematics. June 1993: 23-25.

• Lake, Robert. An Indian Father's Plea Teacher Magazine 49+.

• Puchalska, Ewa, and Zbigniew Semadeni. Children's Reactions to Verbal Arithmetical Problems with Missing, Surplus or Contradictory Data For the Learning of Mathematics. Nov. 1987: 9-16.

• Strauss, Mary Jo, et. al. Gender Bias in Mathematics, Science and Technology: The Report Card #3 Mid-Atlantic Equity Center. 1991.

• Barra-Zuman, Nancy, Frances A. Kolb, and Raymond M. Rose. Profile of an Equitable Math and Science Classroom and Teacher The Network, Inc. 1991.

• Equity Self-Evaluation and Planning Documentation Task Force. Equity Self-Evaluation and Planning Document Data Assessment Olympia, WA: Department of Education. Feb. 1995: i-23.

• Matsumoto-Grah, Karen. Diversity in the Classroom: A Checklist Common Bonds: Anti- bias Teaching in a Diverse Society. 1992.

• Mid-Atlantic Center for Race Equity. Checklist for Equity in Mathematics and Science Mathematics and Science: Critical Filters for the Future. 1985: 30-35.

• New England Center for Equity Assistance. The Equitable School Walk The Network, Inc. Oct. 1990.

• Peixotto, Kit . Science and Mathematics for All: Developing and Implementing a Shared Vision - Equity in Math and Science Checklist Portland: Northwest Consortium for Mathematics and Science Teaching.

• Rose, Raymond M., Frances A. Kolb, and Nancy Barra-Zuman. The Equitable School Continuum Andover, MA: The Network, Inc. 1991.

• Stitt, Beverly A. Observation Sheet for Verbal Interaction Assessment Building Gender Fairness in Schools. 1988.

• Wallace, Joy. Profile of an Equitable Math and Science Classroom and Teacher Randolf Center, Vermont: VISMT. Nov. 1993: i-7.

III. SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

• American Association of University Women. How Schools Shortchange Girls AAUW Report. Washington: AAUW. 1992.

• Century, Jeanne Rose. What Are the Differences? Making Sense of the Literature on Equity in Education Draft One: "...A Think Piece..." 1994: 14+.

• Goldberg, Kirsten. Among Girls, 'Ethic of Caring' May Stifle Classroom Competitiveness, Study Shows Education Week. 27 April 1988.

• Malloy, Carol. The Challenge of Equity in Education Networking. Fall 1992: 1+.

• NSTA. Middle Level Girls More Negative About Science, Math Than Boys NSTA Reports! NSTA Publications. 1993.

• Sanders, Jo. Do Your Female Students Say "No, Thanks" to the Computer? 1987.

• Sheldon, Amy. Kings Are Royaler Than Queens: Language and Socialization. Young Children. Jan. 1990: 4+.

• Wisconsin Center for Educational Research. Gender and Mathematics Education Research Wisconsin Center for Educational Research: University of Wisconsin. 1994.

• American Institute for Research. Limited Computer Access for Females During Free Time At School American Institute for Research. 1-4.

• Dagen, Eileen. The Computer Equity Expert Project NCSEE News. June 1993: 8-9.

• Kober, Nancy. What Produces Gender Inequity in Math? How Can These Inequities Be Overcome? EDTALK: What We Know About Science Teaching and Learning. July 1993: 20-21.

• Kober, Nancy. What Special Problems Do Girls Face in Science? What Can Schools and Teachers Do? EDTALK: What We Know About Science Teaching and Learning. July 1993: 26-28.

• Kusnick, Judi, Deborah Desrochers, and Jeannie Darby. How Things Work: Helping Girls Explore Technology Engineering Education for Elementary Teachers Women in Engineering Conference: Effecting the Climate. 1994 WEPAN National Conference. University of California. 1994.

• Mark, June. Beyond Equal Access: Gender Equity in Learning with Computers NCSEE News. June 1993: 10-12.

• Morrow, Charlene. Ideas, not Answers: A Process-oriented Approach to Mathematics Learning Mount Holyoke College: South Hadley.

• Rutgers University. Strategies to Increase the Participation of Young Women in Mathematics New Jersey: Rutgers University. 1986.

• Rutgers University. Teaching/Counseling Strategies to Promote Math/Science Learning New Jersey: Rutgers University. 1986.

• Sanders, Jo. What We Can Learn from Girls' Computer Avoidance NCSEE News. June 1993: 5-7.

• Tobias, Sheila. The 'Problem' of Women in Science: Why Is It So Difficult to Convince People There Is One? A Hand Up. Washington: Association for Women in Science. 1993.

• Viadero, Debra. The Electronic Gender Gap Education Week. 14 Dec. 1994: 37-38.

• Ascher, Carol. Assessing Bilingual Students for Placement and Instruction. ERIC/CUE Digest. May: 1990.

• Century, Jean Rose. Equity and National Origin/Limited English Proficiency. Making Sense of the Literature on Equity in Education Draft One: "...A Think Piece...." 1994.

• Gallard, Alejandro J. Creating a Multicultural Learning Environment in Science Classrooms. NARST. March 1992.

• Crawford, Kathryn. Language and Technology in Classroom Settings for Students from Non-Technological Cultures For the Learning of Mathematics. Feb. 1990: 2-6.

• Dukepoo, Frank C. (1993). Twentieth Century Warriors: An American Indian Program That Works NSF Diversity Conference. Michigan School of Education: University of Michigan. 22 Oct. 1993.

• Kober, Nancy. What special problems do children whose native language is not English face in learning math? EDTALK. June 1991: 26-27.

• Kober, Nancy. What special problems do LEP students face in science? Want can teachers and schools do? EDTALK. 32-33.

• Schwartz, Wendy. Teaching Limited English Proficient Students To Understand and Use Mathematics ERIC/CUE Digest. March 1991: 1-5.

• Century. Jean Rose. Equity and Racial Minorities Making Sense of the Literature on Equity in Education Draft One: "...A Think Piece...." 1994: 17+.

• Estrin, Elise Trumbull, and Sharon Nelson Barber. Issues in Cross-Cultural Assessment: American Indian and Alaska Native Students Knowledge Brief. San Francisco: Far West Laboratory. 1995: 18.

• Feng, Jianhua. Asian-American Children: What Teachers Should Know ERIC Digest. June 1994.

• Howard, Gary R. Whites in Multicultural Education: Rethinking Our Role Phi Delta Kappan. Sept. 1993: 36-41.

• Lewis, Anne C. A Tale Not Widely Told Phi Delta Kappan. Nov. 1992: 196-97.

• Tate, William F. Race, Retrenchment, and the Reform of School MathematicsPhi Delta Kappan. Feb. 1994.

• AISES. 1993 AISES Research and Evaluation Report Annual Summary of AISES Teacher and Curriculum Projects. American Indian Science and Engineering Society.

• Gerdes, Paulus. On Mathematical Elements in the Tchokwe 'Sona' Tradition. The Learning of Mathematics. 31-34.

• Kober, Nancy. What Special Problems do Minority Students Face in Math? What Approaches Can Help Overcome Them? EDTALK. 22-23.

• Kober, Nancy . What Special Problems Do Minority Students Face in Science? What Approaches Can Help Overcome Them? EDTALK. 29-31.

• Soldier, Lee Little. Working With Native American Children Young Children. Sept. 1992: 15-21.

• Zaslavsly, Claudia. World Cultures in the Mathematics Class For the Learning of Mathematics. June 1991: 32-36.

• Lamb, Julie. Gifted GirIs in a Rural Community: Making a Difference in Attitudes Toward Math Rural Special Education Quarterly. 1993: 28-32.

• Lamb, Julie, and Roberta Daniels. Gifted Girls in a Rural Community: Math Attitudes and Career Options Exceptional Children. May 1993: 513-17.

• Oliver, Jenny Penney, and Craig Howley. Charting New Maps: Multicultural Education in Rural Schools ERIC Digest. August 1992.

• Harrison, Jennifer S. Strategies for the Heterogeneous Math Class Middle School Journal. March 1993: 10-16.

• Mecca, Peter. Mathematics-Science Integration Project: A Collaborative, Rural School Effort National Association for Research in Science Teaching. SUNY. 1991.

• Nelson, Steve. Exemplary Program: The SMART Project. Dwight D. Eisenhower Mathematics and Science Education Newsletter Consortium for Educational Equity. Spring 1993: 6-7.

• Singh, Jamail. Improving Math and Science for Minority Students GCT. March/April 1990: 6-7.

• Swindell, Robert, and Margaret Phelps. Designing and Implementing Science Enrichment Programs for Rural Females National Rural and Small School Consortium Annual Conference. Cookeville: Tennessee Technology University. 1991.

• Ascher, Carol. Microcomputers: Equity and Quality in Education for Urban Disadvantaged Students. ERIC/CUE Digest. Jan. 1984.

• Century, Jean Rose. Equity and Socioeconomic Status Making Sense of the Literature on Equity in Education Draft One: "...A Think Piece...." 1994: 22-25.

• Haberman, Martin. The Pedagogy of Poverty Versus Good Teaching Phi Delta Kappan. Dec. 1991: 290-94.

• Hixson, Judson. Staff Development and the Urban School: The Importance of Context. Journal of Staff Development. Winter 1993: 54-55.

• Freiberg, H. Jerome. A School that Fosters Resilience in Inner-City Youth. Journal of Negro Education. 1993: 364-76.

• Century, Jean Rose. Equity and Special Education Making Sense of the Literature on Equity in Education Draft One: "...A Think Piece...." 1994: 26-28.

• Dagen, Eileen, and Jim Heiden. Gender Equity and the Disabled 1991 Conference of the National Coalition for Sex Equity in Education. West Allis: Regional Service Network. 1991.

• Gillespie, Patricia H., and Albert H. Fink. The Influence of Sexism on the Education of Handicapped Children Exceptional Children. Nov. 1974: 155-62.

• Viadero, Debra. Disabled Girls Face Poorer Prospects 3 to 5 Years After School, Study Finds Education Week. April 1992.

• Cawley, John F. and Rene S. Parmar. Arithmetic Programming for Students with Disabilities: An Alternative Remedial and Special Education. May/June 1992: 6-18.

• Kober, Nancy. What Are the Special Needs of Disabled Students in Mathematics? EDTALK: What We Know About Mathematics Teaching and Learning. June 1991: 24.

• Kober, Nancy. What are the Special Needs of Mathematically Gifted Students and How Can Schools Help Meet Them? EDTALK: What We Know About Mathematics Teaching and Learning. June 1991: 25.

• Kober, Nancy. What Problems Do Children with Disabilities Face in Science? What Can Teachers and Schools Do? EDTALK: What We Know About Mathematics Teaching and Learning. June 1991: 34-35.

• Mercer, Cecil D., and Susan P. Miller. Teaching Students with Learning Problems in Math to Acquire, Understand, and Apply Basic Math Facts Remedial and Special Education. May/ June 1992: 19+.

• Miller, Susan C., and Nancy L. Cooke. Mainstreaming Students with Learning Disabilities for Videodisc Math Instruction Teaching Exceptional Children. 1989: 57-60.

B. RESOURCE PROVIDERS, RESOURCES

C. BIBLIOGRAPHIES

• Hulme, Marilyn A. Science Stuff for Girls and Boys: A Selected Bibliography for Grades K-6 EAC. Sept. 1994.

• Rinker, Wanda. Marylin A. Hulme, ed. Science Related Storybooks for the Classroom: A Selected, Annotated Bibliography. EAC. Jan. 1992.

• Schwartz, Eleanor E. Science, Math Magazines for Kids

• Wilkes, Elsa Fleites. Hispanic Culture and Children's Literature in the Classroom: Resources for Teachers

• Wilson, Patricia S., Julio C. Mosquera, and Marilyn E. Strutchens. Annotated Bibliography of Multicultural Issues in Mathematics Education University of Georgia. 1991: i-37.